Fluoroscopic Safety
Schade, C.M., M.D., Ph.D., Fluoroscopic Safety, Worldwide Pain Conference, San Francisco, CA, July 2000 Introduction The percutaneous placement of spinal cord stimulator electrodes can cause excessive radiation levels for both the patient and the physician. (1,2,3,4) The radiation exposure hazard is made worse by the fact that many C-arms have the capability for high [...]